Rhetorical Language The Power Of Words - 1534 Words

Rhetorical Language: The Power of Words Ever since humans have existed, their ideas, and philosophies existed along with them; however, these ideas would split them into two groups, those who agree, and those who do not agree with the idea. Additionally, there are people who truly believe that everyone should believe in their ideology; therefore, will take certain measures to make people believe in their ideas. One certain measure is using their own words because words can have its own power. By using persuasive and rhetorical tactics, words can lead an army to victory. In addition, persuasive and rhetorical language has the power to make someone realize their opponent’s views regarding a certain topic because that’s what persuasive and rhetorical language does. What persuasive and rhetorical language does is to convince people to see their point of view. Many people have tried to define what persuasive and rhetorical language is. Early philosophers like Aristotle defin es what a good speaker and writer should be with ethos, pathos, and logos. Others try to define the structure of persuasive and rhetorical language to make good writers, and speakers. Even though there are many resources today to become a better writer and speaker, it does not mean they will be an effective one. It begs the question on what makes a good writer and speaker? To start off, a good speaker and writer should have a good sense of logic within their speech, or writing. With logic, a person’sShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis : The Tesla Wasnt God And Thomas Edison WasnT God986 Words   |  4 PagesTesla Article Rhetorical Analysis Humanity lives in the electronic age, where everything is powered by electricity, but whom is responsible for these marvels of modern engineering and science? Many millennials tout that Nikola Tesla is responsible for the electronic age and that those credited by the history books for ground breaking inventions were thieving from Tesla, however, Alex Knapp of Forbes has a different perspective. He wrote an article titled â€Å"Nikola Tesla Wasn’t God and Thomas EdisonRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Obama s Victory Speech1245 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Obama’s Victory Speech This speech was given by Barack Obama who won 2012 election as the president. I’m going to analysis his voice, audience, speaker’s message and occasion for the speech. Different angle, different view can show all the Obama’s rhetorical words in his victory speech. In 2012, this is Barack Obama’s second inaugural. He had greatest way to put all the rhetorical words in his speech. It was one of the best of his speech so far. Rhetoric was made in fifthRead More Igor Stravinsky Essay533 Words   |  3 PagesStravinsky In the passage by Igor Stravinsky, he uses not only comparison and contrast, but also language to convey his point of view about the conductors of the time and their extreme egotism. Stravinsky believes that conductors exploit the music for their own personal gain, so rather, he looks on them in a negative light. To show his aggravation and irritation, Stravinsky uses the rhetorical device of comparison and contrast to convey his opinion of conductors. He compares the great conductorsRead MoreThe Six Functions Of Rhetoric1482 Words   |  6 Pagesdistributes power, discovers facts, shapes knowledge, and builds communities. Due to its content, organization, and goal, Lincoln’s work falls into the category of rhetoric. On the other hand, because of the work’s intent, vocabulary, and emotion, Dickinson’s work is best described as a poem. Incidentally, Dickinson’s poem also contains multiple characteristics and functions of rhetoric. From the data collected and interpreted, we may categorize Lincoln’s â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† as a rhetorical speechRead MoreMore Important Than Gold By Franklin D. Roosevelt1500 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica suffered a great economic depression during 1929 to 1931, which has brought enormous loss to the United State. President Roosevelt took office in early 1933 and devoted himself to helping American economy out of this crisis. He believed in the power of government and introduced a series of policies to help to recover American economy, for which Roosevelt won many American’s respect. First fireside chat was given und er the background of the banking crisis, and America’s economy was facing a greatRead MoreMartin Luther King I Have A Dream Speech1089 Words   |  5 Pagesa dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† These words spoken in the shadow of the Lincoln Memorial by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. have reverberated through the years as a glowing example of the power of words. On August 28, 1963, Dr. King astounded America with his historic I have a Dream speech. His demand for racial justice and a unified society through non-violent methodsRead MoreAmerica, By Douglas Mcgray, And The Expansion Of Foreign Language Education1405 Words   |  6 Pagesforeign language education in schools by focusing on the present and potential future effects the issue will have on the state of America’s world relations and world business market. To efficiently communicate h is message for expansion, McGray publishes his article in Foreign Policy Magazine—a publication known for its political demographic. He publishes his article there with the intent to persuade his intended audience, lawmakers, to pass additional policies and laws expanding foreign language in schoolsRead MoreEssay on Rhetorical Devices and Strategies: Coca Cola and Grove Press978 Words   |  4 PagesRhetorical Devices and Strategies: Coca Cola and Grove Press Within society power struggles are inevitable and in the business world it is no different. The letters of correspondence between an executive of the Coca-Cola Company, Ira C. Herbert and a representative of Grove Press, Richard Seaver express their different viewpoints on the use of Coca-Cola’s slogan â€Å"It’s the Real Thing†, in an advertisement promoting Diary of a Harlem Schoolteacher by Jim Haskins. Both Herbert and Seaver attemptRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s The Winter s Tale 965 Words   |  4 Pagesin The Winter’s Tale by providing evidence to the contrary. His female characters are able to gain power using different techniques according to their situations. However, these methods vary greatly between the court of the shepherd in Bohemia and Leontes’ court in Sicilia. While women in the royal court gain influence through their use of effective rhetoric, Shakespeare describes that Perdita’s power in the shepherd’s court stems mostly from her beauty. From this juxtaposition, Shakespeare claimsRead MoreRhetorical Essay In Judy Bradys I Want A Wife700 Words   |  3 PagesWife† by Judy Brady, the speaker uses satire to explain the absurdity of the expectations placed on a wife in 1970s America. The intended purpose of the text is to promote the new wave of feminist ideologies. Through the satire, repetition, and rhetorical questions Brady establishes credibility in order to exemplify illogical standards and working relationships to society. Throughout the essay Brady uses satire to highlight the lack of logic in the expectations placed on a wife during a time when

Relating the Setting to the Characters in The Necklace by...

Relating the Setting to the Characters in The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant The author of The Necklace, Guy de Maupassant, relates the setting to Mathilde throughout the story. The central character in The Necklace is Mathilde. She dreams many dreams of rich living and high society. Her dwellings throughout The Necklace show her mood towards the way she is forced to live. Mathilde marries Mr. Loisel, a minor clerk in the Ministry of Education. She becomes unhappy with the way she has to live. She suffered because of her grim apartment with its drab walls, threadbare furniture, ugly curtains. (paragraph 3). She owns cheap belongings and still dreams of being rich and having gourmet food while her husband likes plain†¦show more content†¦She still is not happy and complains that she does not have any jewelry to wear. Mr. Loisel proposes for Mathilde to borrow jewelry from Mrs. Forrestier. She borrows a diamond necklace. Mr. And Mrs. Loisel go to the party and she is the hit of the party and dances with everyone but her husband who slept throu gh some of the party. When they get to their drab apartment, Mathilde looks into a mirror and the necklace is missing from around her neck. Mr. Loisel searches every where for the necklace and has no luck in finding it. They delay taking the necklace back by saying the clasp broke. They find a replacement and it will cost 36,000 francs. Mr. Loisel had saved eighteen thousand francs but he would have to borrow the rest. They make a deal with the jeweler, borrowed money, and gave the new diamond necklace back to Mrs. Forrestier. The Loisels have lots of money to pay back. Mr. Loisel and Mathilde, now had to work to back their debt on the necklace. They fire the maid and moved to an attic flat. Mathilde did housework and had even cheaper belongings than before. She negotiates prices when she buys things and tries to save as much money as possible. She sees her dreams totally unreachable as the days passed. They worked hard for ten years and finally paid all the money they o wed. Mathilde looked old and worn down from the ten years of hard labor paying the loans off. The attic flat represents how Mathilde finally acceptsShow MoreRelatedEssay about Biography and Work of Guy de Maupassant4591 Words   |  19 PagesBiography and Work of Guy de Maupassant Guy de Maupassant is acknowledged through the world as one of the masters of the short story; Guy de Maupassant was also the author of a collection of poetry, a volume of plays, three travel journals, six novels, and many chronicles. He produced some three hundred short stories in the single decade from 1880 to 1890; a period during which he produced most of his other works. Five of his six novels were published during the second half of the decade.Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Jewelry 983 Words   |  4 Pagesachieve from their audience. The author of â€Å"The Jewelry,† Guy De Maupassant, correctly followed Freytag’s Pyramid and used varied literary devices to create a suspenseful read for the audience. To begin with, this story launched with the exposition, where we learned about the two main characters, their lives, and the setting. M. Lantin, a chief clerk in the office of the Minister of the Interior, â€Å"became enveloped in love as in a net† (Maupassant 67) after meeting a young woman, Madam Lantin. She wasRead MoreThe Importance Of Freedom In Ernest Clines Ready Player One873 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve it is the right thing for society to do, and neither does the main character, Wade Watts, in Ernest Cline’s dystopian novel Ready Player One. This quote can also be related towards the short story, The Necklace written, by Guy de Maupassant. From the perspective of Madame Mathilde Loisel, we are given a better look at what restrictions are in society from a social standpoint. Each story has literary elements relating to the quote in their own way. In the OASIS, an online virtual simulation

Issues in Multicultural Education free essay sample

The El Centro Elementary School District is made up of 8 elementary schools, one kinder-eighth, and two junior high schools (7-8). (Local Ed. Agency Plan 2012) This diverse school district is located in the city of El Centro, California in the Imperial County. Through my research I have discovered that at this time the El Centro Elementary School District does not have any type of citizenship character education as part of their curriculum. â€Å"Students are benefiting today from having the opportunity to practice moral character at school† (EDU-230, Lecture 6, 2013). This is a problem I feel needs to be looked at, assessed and solved. The fact that the El Centro Elementary School District does not have a character education program as part of its curriculum is due to the fact that district administrators, individual school administrators and teachers have not pushed for the implementation of this type of program. I believe that in order to remedy this situation those parties (district administrators, school administrators, and teachers) that have been complacent when it comes to character education plus community, parents and students must band together to provide the solution. We will write a custom essay sample on Issues in Multicultural Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this case that solution would be the implementation of a character education program as part of the El Centro Elementary School districts curriculum. In order for a character education program to be put into effect in the El Centro Elementary School District first an established character education program must be selected. The program selected is the â€Å"Character Counts! † program. It will cost $3000 to purchase the standard Character Counts, 4. 0 package. This package contains awareness and curriculum materials, lesson plans and activities. This package also includes resources and training for school districts who adopt this program (EDU-230, Lecture 6, 2013). The $3000 cost can be deferred by grants and or fund raising (Character Counts, 2013). In addition, in order to successfully implement character education, schools are encouraged to: Take a leadership role to bring the staff, parents and students together to identify and define the elements of character the want to emphasize; Provide training for staff on how to integrate character education into the life and culture of the school; Form a vital partnership with parents and the community so that students hear a consistent message about character traits essential for success in school and life; and Provide opportunities for school leaders, teachers, parents and community partners to model exemplary character traits and social behaviors. (EDU-230, Lecture 6, 2013) Once the package for Character Counts is purchased a three member team (eg. an administrator, councelor and teacher) goes through a three day intensive training course at a model school (Character Counts, 2013). After this training is completed, â€Å"Implementation time is dependent on this group, the school district, and school administration† (Employee at CC! , personal communication via phone, Oct. 2013). The employee went on to say, â€Å"That after this initial training is complete the implementation of the Character Counts program, on average can be implemented into a school’s curriculum with in a months time† (Employee at CC! , personal communication via phone, Oct. 2013). â€Å"When personnel at schools embrace a character education program s their own the result is the highest degree of implementation of the program into the curriculum† (G. Skaggs N. Bodenhorn, 2006). With the implementation of the character education program, Character Counts!  into the El Centro Elementary School District curriculum we should expect positive effects in the areas of student academic success, higher attendance rates, and lower suspension rates. Petersen and Skiba define specific traits to be instilled in children through character education programs as â€Å"(a) self respect, (b) a concern with others feelings, (c) moral reasoning and (d) values such as kindness, responsibility and trustworthiness† (Peterson Skiba, 2001). These traits described by Peterson and Skiba (2001) are also expected outcomes of the implementation of the character education program â€Å"Character Counts! † into the curriculum of the El Centro Elementary School District.

The Role of Individuals in Society Based on Age and Gender Bali and Aboriginal Australia

Introduction Since time in memorial, anthropologists have utilized the dynamics of ethnography to understand the socio-cultural lives of people in various places around the world. Durkheim argued that social generations could perhaps be understood through studying how time is appreciated.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Individuals in Society Based on Age and Gender: Bali and Aboriginal Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evans-Prechard on his part argued that time and age are perhaps striking. Societies vary in terms of how they treat age and how they use time in their day-to-day lives. Bourdieu observed that age and time could not be neglected since they are not to be viewed in simple terms of structural differences globally. In fact, societies use the age factor to differentiate members of society (Peterson 1972, p. 25). Concerning gender, various communities and societies treat each gender differently. In the traditional societies, the role of women was not appreciated in society since they were relegated to the domain of the home. In some traditional communities, women were treated with high esteem because of their role of bearing children. Such communities were mostly matrilineal, as compared to those that were patriarchic, meaning that they valued men. However, all societies seem to be similar in terms of treating women. Upon this realization, this paper attempts to compare the ethnographic factors, specifically age and gender, of the two areas that is, Bali and Aboriginal Australia. The paper evaluates how the two area diverge and converge in terms of appreciating the roles of individuals in society based on age and gender. The two ethnographic variables affect members of society differently in the two societies. Comparison In the two areas, the pace of societal life tends to be structured by complex forms of history and age. Each ethnography variable signifies a particular social meaning. The two societies do not have static histories, particularly mythic histories regarding age and gender. The Bali society decodes the meaning of life based on the political and religious activities of society. To the Bali society, the past does not have any significant meaning to the current state of affairs regarding age and gender. In other words, age and gender do not affect the activities of the individual in society. Generally, structural functionalism theory can be used to explain the position of individuals in the two societies. Differences Based on Gender and Age between the two Societies Balinese culture has always been referred to as one of the best form of socialism in the world. In this regard, each member of society is expected to participate in societal activities, especially in the labor market. Furthermore, ceremonies are to be attended by all genders that is, no discrimination based on gender.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropolo gy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Balinese society appreciates the fact that women are very important in any developmental aspect, be it social, economic or political. Girls in the Balinese temples are allowed to present offerings to the gods meaning that they women take in religious activities. Young girls are shown how to present offerings to the gods, unlike in other societies where women are not given any opportunity to take part in religious matters. Young girls are taught on how to lay a canang, place incense and present an offering. In ceremonies, women are valued too much since they are relied upon to perform traditional dances and serve guests. In this regard, young girls are shown how to prepare traditional foods in their homes before they are invited to serve visitors in ceremonies (Forge 1980, p. 8). In the Balinese culture, a female goddess exists, referred to as Dewi Sri, which is a goddess associated with food (rice). The goddess is respected just like other gods. In fact, the Bali region depends on the goddess since it should be consulted before harvesting rice. In the Balinese culture, various gods are worshiped, including Brahma, Wisnu and the Shiva. De Danu is another important goddess that is relied upon by society since it is the crater of the lake. To show how women are important in society, a virgin priestess selects 24 young men to serve the goddess in the temples (Geertz 1973, p. 365). Furthermore, the priestess chooses the servant who maintains the temples in many parts of the region. With the changing climate, the society has been forced to accommodate the views of women in the Balinese society. The villages experience in influx of tourists from across the world due to the rich Balinese culture. Women have been forced to adapt to the new changes in order to survive. In the traditional Balinese society, men could be allowed to marry various women, whose roles were mainly to bri ng up children and maintain the affairs of the home. Women were married at a tender age, which affected their educational needs in society. In this sense, they could not access jobs and other prestigious activities in society that come with education. In the modern society, polygamy is rare since the father of the family is required to consult the mother before bringing in the second wife. Owing to interactions with the external world, Balinese female members of society are now sensitive to their rights regarding education and employment. Even though the society is slowly changing, women are still under pressure to provide a son to the family, failure of which might lead to subsequent marriages. In the Balinese society, a woman can only get married in case it is confirmed beyond doubt that she can get pregnant.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Individuals in Society Based on Age and Gender: Bali and Aboriginal Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This explains the reason why many girls would get pregnant at a tender age and marry later in their lives. National policies provide that only women should access free healthcare regarding reproductive health treatment. In the Balinese society, married women can easily run their businesses and bank accounts. Furthermore, they are entitled to fifty percent of family property in case of divorce. In the family, the woman plays an important role in the upbringing of children. Women are expected to carry out basic activities such as cooking, washing and general cleaning of the house. While things were getting better in the 20th century, things got worse for Balinese women. Life became more demanding in the 20th century, which placed a big burden to the Balinese women around the region. The traditional bantens, which were pyramids of fruits, were no more since they had to be imported from other regions. The tradition law of the Balinese people does not allow children whose fathers are foreign to enjoy traditional rights of the land. Just like in the Islamic culture, women must seek permission from their husbands before seeking for employing elsewhere. In this regard, the male partners of the family must approve their passports. Unlike the In the Aboriginal Australian culture, society is closely interwoven and it is a mutually dependent unit. Each member of society has his or her own role that should be played faithfully. In terms of communication, there are specific societal laws and rules that govern social contacts, which are further determined by age and gender. In society, socialism is encouraged over individualism because it is believed that not each person is self-sufficient. In terms of gender, both men and women figures in society are relied upon when it comes to the interpretation of dreams. In this aspect, age plays an important role since the old are always consulted in case the society needs interpreta tion over a particular aspect (Strehlow 1978, p. 13). Unlike in the Balinese regions, Aboriginal Australian society is different in that old women are supposed to link up with their male counterparts to ensure children are taught good manners in society. Roles played by older women are the same as those played by men since women can also be lawmakers, performers, painters and custodians of customary laws. Since the aboriginal Australian society relied on hunting and gathering, women were supposed to gather fruits, seeds, and insects while men were expected to go to the forests and hunt for animals that would provide proteins.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Young women in society could be charged with the responsible of upbringing the children and taking care of the family. Therefore, young men were likely to link up with men in the jungles in order to acquire hunting dexterities while young women would stay at home with their home to acquire fruit gathering techniques. As earlier stated, women could collaborate with their male counterparts to come up with treatment techniques in society, unlike in the Bali society where only men could be involved in matters related to medicine. For instance, Warlpiri female members of society from Yeundumu carried out Yawylyu ceremonies to better the physical condition of the ill members of society. They would sing religious songs and paint the sick perform using colors from different plants since they had vast knowledge of plants that could serve as medicine. Unlike in the Balinese culture, the age of a woman determined her place in society in the Aboriginal Australian culture. Older women were respe cted since they were considered powerful and prestigious in society. Older women would be invited in societal meetings to make decisions in case the society was faced with a catastrophe (Bodley 2000, p. 28). Similarities The two societies share some similarities since in both societies women had inferior positions as compared to those of men. However, the position of women improved with age in the Aboriginal Australian culture. Since time in memorial, women have never enjoyed their rights in society. Male patriarchy is identified as one of the causes of their sufferings in society. Men are relieved from child bearing activities, which give them an advantage over women. They can easily participate in societal activities as compared to women who are supposed to take care of their children. However, it should be noted that things are changing. In the two societies, modernism is taking root. It is evident that women are slowly gaining their position in society mainly because of the west ern influence. Therefore, globalization theory can be used to explain the gender disparities and changes in the two societies (Moore 2009, p. 265). In the two regions, women are reclaiming their status in society. Their influence can no longer be taken for granted since they have to be provided with basic rights as stated by the international human rights. Pertaining to age, the two societies valued age in different magnitudes. Age played a key role since members of society could be awarded roles based on age. List of References Bodley, JH 2000, Australian Aborigines: mobile foragers for 50,000 Years in Cultural Anthropology, Mayfield, London. Forge, A 1980 â€Å"Tooth and Fang in Bali, Canberra Anthropology, Vol.3, no. 1, pp 1-16. Geertz, C 1973, Person, time, and conduct in Bali: an essay in cultural analysis: in the interpretation of Cultures, Basic Books New York. Moore, JD 2009, Clifford Geertz: an interpretative anthropology. In Visions of Culture: an Introduction to Anthropo logical theories and theorists, Altamira Press, Lanham. Peterson, N 1972, â€Å"Totemism Yesterday†, Man (N.S), Vol. 7, no. 1, pp 12-25. Strehlow, TG 1978, Life on earth and the individual and his totem in Central Australian Religion, AASR, Bedford Park. This essay on The Role of Individuals in Society Based on Age and Gender: Bali and Aboriginal Australia was written and submitted by user Iman1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Two theories of aging Essays

Two theories of aging Essays Two theories of aging Paper Two theories of aging Paper For this assignment I am going to discuss two theories of aging. During our life we engage with other people and engage in different activities. One of these theories suggested by two people called Cumming and Henry in 1961 was called the disengagement theory. This theory suggests that when people get older they naturally tend to withdraw from social involvement, they will also reduce their physical activity and this among other reasons will amount in loss of social opportunities and become increasingly individual. 1974 another theorists called Bromley also agreed with Cummings hypothesis. I am now going to discuss the reasons why Cummings came up with this theory: Travel and technology As we age we may lose access to cars, mobile phones and more recent technologies such as the internet. This can limit the opportunities for social contact. Ill health of friends and relatives If relatives and friends have disabilities or poor health and mobility they may have reduced social contact. Retirement When we age we will retire from our working status, in doing so we will lose contact with work colleges, etc. Geographical mobility In this day and age due to the vast amount of travel families and friends dont always tend to live in a close proximity together and as we get older we may find it harder to travel to visit friends and family, therefore interaction may become more difficult. Ill health This is the biggest factor affecting disengagement, things such as problems with vision and hearing can make it hard to interact with things such as computers and phones. Becoming immobile will also create a problem with travelling to see family and friends. When Cummings and Henry ibid first proposed this theory of disengagement it was 1961 when they had no mobile phones used for text messaging. They may not have even had a phone in their home never mind the internet. They may also not have access to a car and therefore this theory may not be accurate for todays modern world were car access and the use of modern technologies (mobile phones and internet) is much more available. I have completed my work placement in a disability hospital and I have a number of service users and patients that fir into the disengagement theory, I am going to discuss one mans activities on a typical day. In my placement they offer an art class every day, a bus excursion and there is also a television room available. These facilities are available for all members of the hospital, however not all people take advantage of these opportunities as they prefer to disengage. One particular patient chooses to sit in his room by himself and listen to music rather than interact with other people. He does so as he feels he is getting old and this is the best method for him. Therefore, he fits into the disengagement theory. In 1966 Bromley agreed that people need to disengage as they get older but he also suggested they need to keep active to prevent disengaging from going too far that it turns into isolation and inaction. He argued it was important to stay mentally active and to maintain an interest in life and enjoy the company of friends and family. He said that too much disengagement would lead to the loss of mental capability and physical skills. This theory is known as an activity theory which argues that people need to stay active to reduce the risks associated with disengagement. I am now going to discuss ways in which we can stay active both physically and mentally: How to stay physically active Taking part in regular physical activity will improve your physical health in later life and we are advised to continue this in our elder years to maintain our physical health we can do this through a number of ways such as walking, yoga, gardening and swimming. How to stay mentally active Our brain is like a muscle and needs exercised regularly to keep it mentally active, some experts have suggested that having poor physical health can lead to loss in mental ability in later life. We can prevent this by doing some of the following challenging your brain everyday with things such as study, community activates such as book clubs, engage in regular discussion and crosswords and puzzles help to keep the brain active. Health services, residential, day and home care will provide opportunities for physical, mental and social activities. I have recently worked in a care home for the elderly and they provided a number of different activities for them to help keep them both mentally and physically active. The activities include some for the mind such as: * Bingo * Sudoku * Reading * Art * Knitting Then the physical side is: * Yoga * Swimming * Walking In the setting a number of people choose to take part in these activities and they want to stay fit and healthy for as long as possible. They fit into the active theory. Overall I think it is best to stay active for as long as you can, it means a better social life and a healthier body and mind. It may even increase your life expectancy. I feel the disengagement theory would be very hard to do and feel it is very exclusive and lonely; however people will choose this lifestyle as it is their preferred choice, other people may be forced into disengagement theory for example the brain injured or disabled.

Definition and Examples of Cleft Sentences

Definition and Examples of Cleft Sentences In English grammar, a cleft is a construction in which some element in a sentence is moved from its normal position into a separate clause to give it greater emphasis. A cleft is also known as a  cleft sentence, a  cleft construction, and a  cleft clause. A  cleft sentence  is a sentence that is cleft (split) so as to put the focus on one part of it. The cleft sentence is introduced by  it, which is followed by a  verb phrase  whose main verb is generally  be. The focused part comes next, and then the rest of the sentence is introduced by a  relative pronoun, relative  determiner, or  relative adverb. If we take the sentence  Tom felt a sharp pain after lunch, two possible cleft sentences formed from it are  It was Tom who felt a sharp pain after lunch  and  It was after lunch that Tom felt a sharp pain. Take, for example, the simple declarative sentence, Jerry went to the movie yesterday. If you would want to emphasize one element or another, the sentence could be rewritten in several different ways: It was  Jerry  who went to the movie  yesterday.It was to the  movie  that Jerry went  yesterday.It was  yesterday  that Jerry went to the movie.   English has many different varieties of cleft constructions, but the two major types are it-clefts and wh-clefts.  Wh- clefts use  wh words, which is most often what in the construction. However, why, where, how, etc. are also possibilities. Examples and Observations It-Clefts It was only last month that  I decided to go back to school.It was my father who  sent Dyer out to proselyte.  It was my father who  had the blue-ice eye and the beard of gold.It was Roosevelt who impetuously blurted out the unconditional surrender ultimatum at a press conference in Casablanca, to the surprise of Winston Churchill, who was sitting at his side and who had no alternative but to nod approval. Wh-Clefts What I needed was a weapon. Other people, hitchhikers, told me they always carried a little something, a knife or a can of Mace, and Id laughed, thinking there was no greater weapon than the human mind. You idiot.Strange, but  what I really wanted was  a dad who would come down to the police station, ​yell his head off, and then take me home to talk about what happened, to come up with a new plan for how Id act in the future, etc. All the other guys had that. But not me. My dad left me alone in jail for the night. Sources Douglas Biber et al.,  Longman Student Grammar. Pearson, 2002George N. Crocker,  Roosevelts Road to Russia. Regnery, 1959David Crystal,  Making Sense of Grammar. Longman, 2004Zane Gray,  Riders of the Purple Sage, 1912Sidney Greenbaum,  Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1996David Sedaris,  Naked. Little, Brown Company, 1997Michael Simmons,  Finding Lubchenko. Razorbill, 2005

Comparision of ceramic and acrylic teeth Research Paper

Comparision of ceramic and acrylic teeth - Research Paper Example The ceramic or porcelain teeth were the first to be used for making denture or false teeth. Porcelain teeth are comparatively hard and likely to fracture as they are made of ceramic materials. For instance, the hardness of the material may cause a loss of occlusal vertical dimension as the ceramic exerts its direct forces to the underlying bones; and its continuous touch with tongue during speech my cause disturbing clicking sound (Rahn, Plummer, and Ivanhoe,11). Obviously the hardness of the ceramic teeth will cause damage to remaining natural teeth and underlying residual ridge. Other disadvantages include its higher potential for marginal staining due to capillary leakage, possibility of dangerous abrasion to natural teeth or gold crowns etc; and as far as its feasibility is concerned, it is difficult to implant where available space is minimal (Sarandha, 107). However, there are certain factors that make ceramic teeth unique. For instance, the hardness of the ceramic teeth is less likely to cause occlusal vertical dimension caused by wear of denture teeth (Rahn, Plummer, and Ivanhoe, 11). In addition, these teeth are clinically efficient and will maintain communication efficiency for years and will ensure better retention of surface polish and finishing. Porcelain teeth can also be made with a metal assimilation which usually known as metal-ceramic restoration of denture. Other practices include all-ceramic restoration, porcelain-gold restoration, and metal crown restoration. Acrylic teeth or resin teeth are made from polymers and are comparatively softer than ceramic teeth. The most important ingredient contained in acrylic teeth is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. Multiple methyl methacrylate molecules are joined by a linking agent and forms resilient plastics (PMMA) which has a net like structure. Therefore, they are less wear resistant and cause little damage to the

Personal Perspectives of Death and Dying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Personal Perspectives of Death and Dying - Essay Example She has even ready to celebrate his death and sold the exclusive rights of capturing her final moments to some media. â€Å"Death begins when the heart stops beating. Deprived of oxygen, a cascade of cellular death commences, beginning with brain cells and ending with skin cells. Death is a process rather than an event. Specifying the moment of death usually involves deciding on a point from which there can be no return.† (What is Death?) Most of the children may not think much about death since childhood is filled with many other activities. The confusing things about death life may not influence them much during that stage. But the religious learning centers such as Sunday school and church related activities may sometimes force them to think in terms of death also. Moreover they may get lot of information about life and death through the literatures they might have read during their childhood. The parents may not talk much about death since the children may ask confusing questions regarding the death which may not be easy for them to answer. But it is necessary for the parents to talk about death if the child asks anything about it to know his interpretations about death. If his interpretations are misleading, then the parents must try to clear his confusions about death. The thought about death was an irritating thing for me even from my childhood. After grown up, I often tried to analyze the meaning of life personally. The science topics which I learned during my studies were not convincing enough to clear my doubts about life and death. I tried to compare the scientific knowledge about death with my religion’s interpretation of death. Though scientifically not proved, I confirmed that religious beliefs cannot be written off. Science often gives us information about material things. Though science was successful in providing us much knowledge about the non material things energy and forces which exists on

An Expatriate Tour in El Salvador Essay Example for Free

An Expatriate Tour in El Salvador Essay The case provides that John Lafferty has accepted an opportunity to be a Program Officer of the United Nations based in El Salvador. John has previously worked as development economist in different parts of Latin America and his experience and passion for helping refugees make his adjustment to this new environment easy. However, John has recently been married to Joanna, a Human Resource Management consultant based in Toronto, Canada. Although, the couple both agreed to move together to El Salvador, the challenge of the case lies on how Joanna would be able to adjust to a new environment. In preparation for her departure, Joanna studied Spanish and studied Salvadoran history and politics as much as she could. She also contacted a friend, Joan, an expatriate in Guatamela for two years to get feedback about the conditions of living abroad. In a study of Luthans in 2002, he emphasized the importance of cultural learning to avoid premature return by an expatriate. In this case, Joanna should have undergone cultural learning that is specifically tailored for Salvadoran expatriates. This could have prepared her in understanding and accepting the culture and values of Salvadorans. She could have expected living with a housemaid who would serve her and do all the house chores for her. Joanna could have been more comfortable understanding that â€Å"barrios marginales† are generally accepted in their neighborhood and receives only $6 a day. Joanna can mend her situation by learning more about the culture of El Salvador to make her feel more comfortable in her new environment. Upon adjustment, she could find a career opportunity in the UN that is also based in El Salvador where she could practice her HR skills. Joanna’s experience can be valuable in developing a cultural learning program that will help other expatriates. The new employment for John is a great opportunity for him to advance in his career. John’s skills in relating with refugees and his passion to protect them are valid arguments why he should accept the position in El Salvador. John and Joanna may be newly married but their career fulfillment should not be sacrificed. They have to discern well and balance the advantages and disadvantages of moving to El Salvador together or separately. Joanna can decide to stay in Canada and pursue her career as HR consultant. However, the opportunity to experience a different culture and the prospect of gaining a new knowledge in the field of training expatriates are both promising. Joanna should embrace this chance to advance her learning in Human Resource Management. In an article written by Varner and Palmer in 2002, they have identified three factors that can make expatriation successful. These are: 1) integration of expatriation with international operations to attain the organization’s strategic objectives, 2) the training and development of expatriates integrated with organizational goals and 3) the management of the international knowledge expatriates acquired. In this case, the organization that employed John should have provided training to him and to his spouse, Joanna. The training should explain carefully to John and Joanna the situations they may encounter within the organization and its surrounding environment. Further, the organization should have a program for spouses like Joanna that can track her adjustment and assist her in finding a career in a foreign land. It is the responsibility of the organization to ensure that the employee’s spouse and children are comfortable and well adjusted in their new environment. If the employees would have a problem in their families, there is a great possibility that they will discontinue their service with the employer and go back to their home country. Gravenkemper and LaPla (2008) suggested several measures for successful expatriation of the employee’s families: 1. The family of the employee should be interviewed and examined for overseas assignments. 2. Prior to settlement, the family of the employee should be given the chance to visit the foreign land. 3. The organization must select only those employees whose spouse and children are willing to relocate. List of References Gravenkemper, S. and LaPla, L. (2008) Expatriate Assessments. Universal Advisor Issue No. 2. Available from http://www. plantemoran. com/Services/Consulting/OrganizationalDevelopmentPersonnelAssessment/Resources/Articles/Expatriate+Assessments. htm 9 April 2009 Luthans, K. W. (2002) Expatriate development: the use of 360 degrees feedback. Journal of Management Development 21, 10 Varner, I. and Palmer, T. (2002) Successful expatriation and organizational strategies. Entrepreneur. Available from http://www. entrepreneur. com/tradejournals/article/87211787. html 9 April 2009

The Implicit Intimacy of Dickinsons Dashes Essay -- Emily Dickinson a

The Implicit Intimacy of Dickinson's Dashes The dash in Emily DickinsonÂ’s poetry, initially edited away as a sign of incompletion, has since come to be seen as crucial to the impact of her poems. Critics have examined the dash from a myriad of angles, viewing it as a rhetorical notation for oral performance, a technique for recreating the rhythm of a telegraph, or a subtraction sign in an underlying mathematical system.1 However, attempting to define DickinsonÂ’s intentions with the dash is clearly speculative given her varied dash-usage; in fact, one scholar illustrated the fallibility of one dash-interpretation by applying it to one of DickinsonÂ’s handwritten cake recipes (Franklin 120). Instead, I begin with the assumption that Ââ€Å"text† as an entity involving both the reading and writing of the material implies a readerÂ’s attempt to recreate the act of writing as well as the writerÂ’s attempt to guide the act of reading. I will focus on the former , given the difficulties surrounding the notion of authorial intention a.k.a. the Death of the Author. Using three familiar Dickinson poems—Ââ€Å"The Brain—is wider than the Sky,† Ââ€Å"The Soul selects her own Society,† and Ââ€Å"This was a Poet—It is that,†Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â‚¬â€I contend that readers can penetrate the double mystery of Emily DickinsonÂ’s reclusive life and lyrically dense poetry by enjoying a sense of intimacy not dependent upon the content of her poems. The source of this intimacy lies in her remarkable punctuation. DickinsonÂ’s unconventionally-positioned dashes form disjunctures and connections in the readerÂ’s understanding that create the impression of following Dickinson through the creative process towards intimacy with the poet herself. This implicit intimacy becomes clear ... ...ickinsonÂ’s highly personal notations. Ironically, what at first seems an idiosyncratic stylistic effect operates to create a deep sense of intimacy between the reader and the creative process of a highly reclusive individual. Far from distancing the reader, the dash actually provides a gateway between the act of reading and the poetÂ’s moment of creation, only possible if we view the text as a shifting co-creation of reader and poet. Works Cited: Edith Wylder, The Last Face: Emily Dickinson's Manuscripts (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1971). Jerusha Hall McCormack, Ââ€Å"Domesticating Delphi: Emily Dickinson and the Electro-Magnetic Telegraph,† American Quarterly 55.4 (2003) 569-601. Michael Theune, Ââ€Å"Â’One and One are One’†¦and Two: An Inquiry into DickinsonÂ’s Use of Mathematical Signs,† The Emily Dickinson Journal 10.1 (2001) 99-116.

Did Jose Rizal Retract? Essay

Dr. Jose Rizal has been a national iconic hero for over a hundred years. He has been the symbol of our country’s freedom, the epitome of nationalistic patriotism. He emanates martyrdom with every fiber of his being and everything else that he left the country to strive upon. His story has been narrated in countless books and articles. He became an extension of education where he was the main course in a classroom, an honorable feature of Rizal. His totality as a person, essentially as a Filipino has been studied a hundredfold by researchers and students alike. For years, the Filipino race glorified respect for Jose Rizal because of his sacrifices as a citizen, his beliefs as an honest propagandist, and all his talents that have been appreciated because of their effectiveness in the process of gaining equal rights as a united nation. However, his reputation as an unwavering bayani has been doubted due to lingering issues that contradict the very core reason why we Filipinos learned to gratify his efforts, his existence in our history. The issue of Jose Rizal’s so-called â€Å"retraction† has been around since both Manila and Spanish newspapers published claiming his retraction right after his execution. In some sources, they state that Rizal’s alleged retraction did not actually happen. These sources say that the friars who visited him within twenty four hours prior his execution convinced him to confess the sins they accused him of committing. [1]â€Å"The Jesuits, on the other hand, were with him practically every minute of the time, six priests going in relays, usually two at a time, in an attempt to bring about Rizal’s conversion.† [2]â€Å"The main motive, of which, is to make Rizal admit his errors against religion and retract them. If the friars of the future could state with authority that Rizal’s expressed views on the friars were not what he really believed, it would cast an element of doubt over everything he had written, making people hesitate to believe it. At least seven Jesuits visited Rizal at various times during the course of the day.† But Rizal stood his ground and even refused to mark his signature onto the notification given to him declaring the statement of his execution. In spite of his conviction, he eventually submitted and signed for his death sentence. [3]â€Å"He was ordered by the judge to sign the notification of sentence as required by law. He refused to sign and was resigned to do so.† In this issue of Rizal’s alleged retraction incident, the previously mentioned indicates the belief of Rizal not committing such declaration of withdrawal and confession. While the other stands for the contradicting, that of which claims Rizal of actually signing a statement of his retraction. There are sources indicating that there are proofs of Rizal not actually retracting. An example of such is his burial. He was not buried within a Catholic cemetery and was listed as a suicide (criminal) case, a neglected body along with the heaps of cadaver with unknown causes of death. If he did retract and admonished Masonry, then the Church, claiming his retraction and his reconciliation with the religion, would have had the decency of giving him a proper Catholic burial and declare his death under the list of Catholics, to acknowledge the confession the friars claimed they witnessed Rizal committed. The alleged retraction papers also only were revealed about thirty (30) years after Rizal’s death. A matter of concern was uprooted when two statements of the declaration were recognized, both of which had a great deal of differences. Some claim that one of these was fabricated, and some claim that the â€Å"original† copy aged and rotted in the grasp of the Spanish Catholic friars. [4]What they saw was a copy done by one who could imitate Rizal’s handwriting while the original (almost eaten by termites) was kept by some friars. There are also those who strongly believe that Rizal could not have had any reason to retract, arguing that Rizal was a noble man who would not stoop so low as to follow those whom he initially was writing against. Such a believer is Gumersindo Garcia, Sr., M.D., stating: [5]â€Å"I find it inconceivable that a man of his character with such devotion and patriotism to his country and, moreover, willingness to die for her would break down in a moment and write the alleged retraction for no other reason than to abjure masonry and return to the Roman Catholic Church for fear of the damnation of his soul in case he did not do it. In my humble opinion, Rizal was a sincerely religious man who knew what he believed in and could not be cowed by threat of eternal damnation from anybody. Besides, he could remain a mason and a Catholic at the same time just as many masons in the Philippines†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I myself would want to believe that Rizal had not retracted. Since it is still a boiling issue for over far too many years now, this just exemplifies the ambiguity of the information accumulated regarding this issue. If Rizal did retract, his pedestal as this country’s national hero can stumble and Filipinos can lose touch with the roots of their blood, with the thinking that our hero in actuality may have been a coward a liar, or any adjective that can tarnish his image of idealistic nature. We may not entirely understand Rizal’s complex personality, but our country can at least look back and appreciate the hardships our forefathers went through so that we, the children of this country can be treated as human beings with justice and equal rights. All we have to do now is to simply follow in their conviction and to not let their efforts be put to waste. ———————– [1] An excerpt from â€Å"The Life and Writings of Dr. Josà © Rizal† Chapter 16: Did Rizal Retract paragraph 2 [2] An excerpt from â€Å"The Last Hours of Rizal† by Coates, as cited by www.geocities.com/rizalretraction paragraph 3 [3] An excerpt from â€Å"The Last Hours of Rizal† by Coates, as cited by www.geocities.com/rizalretraction paragraph 2 [4] An excerpt from www.joserizal.ph â€Å"The Retraction† paragraph 25 [5] A statement by Gumersindo Garcia, Sr., M.D., as cited by Maria Stella S Valdez, from the book â€Å"Dr. Jose Rizal and the Writing of His Story†

Did the Crusades Advance the Cause of Christ?

The reasoning behind the creation of the Crusades has always been thought of as to take back Jerusalem, the Holy Land, from Muslim hands through the use of military force. To which it tried to do so in numerous military campaigns that resulted in both success and defeats. What must be wondered is did the Crusades through military force really advance the cause of Christ or was it simply misguided slaughter? Historical accounts have stated that when the Crusaders laid siege to cities within the region of Jerusalem and even to Jerusalem itself it was common practice to ransack the city and slay all the inhabitants therein.Roger Bacon, an English Philosopher and a Franciscan monk, criticized the Crusades stating that the survivors of the ransacked cities were more embittered against the Christian faith than they were for it. This is technically true since the indiscriminate killing of people and the ransacking of cities as practiced by the Crusaders at the time wouldn't exactly hold the m in high esteem with the local populace . Another aspect of the crusades that must noted was that those who participated in it were granted plenary indulgences by the pope.Indulgences can be described as exemptions from sin that allowed a person who participated in the Crusades to be exempt from the sins they committed in life upon death. It is this particular aspect of the crusades that actually lead to even greater atrocities since individuals were under the assumption that any act they committed would be forgiven. What this paper will seek to do is examine the reasons behind the Crusades, the instances where it deviated from the doctrine of Christ and to answer the question of whether or not it truly advanced the cause of Christ.Political Reasons Though the reason for the Crusades was supposedly to retake the Holy Land the original for the start of the Crusades can actually be traced to 2 factors. The first would be the direct request of the Byzantine emperor Alexio the first to Pope Urban the 2 for help in repealing the encroaching Muslims who were invading his territory at the time . The second would be the fact that Catholic missionaries and pilgrims who went to Jerusalem in order to pray and pay their respects were regularly killed by the Muslims at the time.This resulted in the pope justifying the potential violence of the Crusades with the need to protect the pilgrims making a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. The resulting propaganda advertising the need to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims started a religious fervor that resulted in many joining the Crusade. While it must be noted that the reasons were justifiable with the need to protect the pilgrims on their journey the resulting massacres of innocent people that came as a result of the Crusades could have been avoided if the invading army actually took the lessons of Christ to heart instead of devolving in mindless savagery.Massacre of the Jews and Arabs An unfortunate consequence of the Crusades was the indiscriminate massacre of civilians whenever a city was captured. Jews and Muslims alike were killed along with their children which resulted in literal rivers of blood flowing on the streets of the city. Such actions were justified under the pretext of waging a Holy War against the Muslims. The teachings of Christ emphasized the need for tolerance regarding your fellow man. In this regard the Crusaders actually fail since instead of tolerance they instilled the fear of death and instead of helping their fellow man they killed him.The end result of such actions was that those who lost loves ones. , friends, family or close acquaintances were more embittered against Christianity than they were for it. The result was those affected by the slaughter chose to fight against Christianity in revenge for the atrocities that were committed against their friends and family in the name of Holy War . Today the actions of the Crusaders would not constitute a Holy War rather it could be considered the systematic genocide of Muslims and Jews in a region in order to instill their own doctrines instead cooperating and coexisting.Up till today the region is still rife with anti catholic sentiment and this goes to show that the actions of the crusaders at the time were a far cry from the teachings that they supposedly were suppose to adhere to. Granting of Indulgences It was during the Crusades that the granting of plenary indulgences became a customer in order to recruit more soldiers to the cause. The idea behind it was that if a person went on a Crusade and died all his sins in life would be forgiven.This practice can be compared to the creation of St. Peter's Basilica where in order to raise funds to build it plenary indulgences were sold to the general public in the form of written letters stating the indulgences that they were exempt to. The reason why this is comparable to that is due to the fact that as a result of the granting of these indulgences soldiers in a Crusade were more likely to heinous acts such as the brutal murder of an entire family and justify to himself that he would be exempt from the sin.It was through the indulgences that violent measures involved during the Crusades actually escalated since more and more brutal acts were justified under the holiness of their cause and that they would be exempt from the sin . In the teachings of Christ it doesn't state that sin can be exempted via large forms of money nor does it make sense that a person can be cleansed from the sin of murder when that person doesn't regret it at all under the false belief that what they do is justified under some cause greater than themselves. Military conquestThe end result of the first Crusade was both the conquest of Jerusalem as well as several of the outlying regions close to it. The Crusades that came after also conquered numerous territories at the expense of more blood and civilian lives. The end result was instead of spreading the word of Chri st the Crusaders wound up conquering and pillaging numerous territories while supposedly under a â€Å"Holy† cause . The original purpose of the Crusades was to capture Jerusalem and prepare safe passage for pilgrims but what happened was the mindless ransacking of cities and the conquering of territories.In the Hollywood film â€Å"Kingdom of Heaven† we see can see that some Crusaders did not join the war for the sake of a religious cause rather it was due to the fact that to the victor goes the spoils. The numerous territories that were captured as shown in the film were given to the Crusaders as their own territories. This created a culture wherein people believed that they could make new fortunes for themselves if they fought in the crusades.The film wasn't a far depiction from reality with numerous territories in the region put under the control of high ranking crusaders and their numerous allies. Conclusion Based on the fact that as a result of the Crusades numer ous innocent people were slaughtered, that soldiers indiscriminately butchered people under the belief that what they were doing would be forgiven immediately, that in the end people joined the Crusades not for any sort of religious vindication but for the chance to make new fortunes.It can be said the Crusades did not advance the cause of Christ at all due to the fact that the more the Crusades came the more innocent people they killed and the more embittered the people in the region became towards Christianity. The Crusades actually set back the cause of Christ from being willfully accepted by the people. Instead of creating converts what the Crusades did was create more enemies instead.

Biography of Sobhuza II King of Swazi

Biography of Sobhuza II King of Swazi Sobhuza II was paramount Chief of the Swazi from 1921 and king of Swaziland from 1967 (until his death in 1982). His reign is the longest for any recorded modern African ruler (there are a couple of ancient Egyptians who, it is claimed, ruled for longer). During his period of rule, Sobhuza II saw Swaziland gain independence from Britain. Date of birth: 22 July 1899Date of death: 21 August 1982, Lobzilla Palace near Mbabane, Swaziland An Early LifeSobhuzas father, King Ngwane V died in February 1899, at the age of 23, during the yearly incwala (First Fruit) ceremony. Sobhuza, who was born later that year, was named as heir on 10 September 1899 under the regency of his grandmother, Labotsibeni Gwamile Mdluli. Sobhuzas grandmother had a new national school built in order that he obtain the best possible education. He finished school with two years at the Lovedale Institute in Cape Province, South Africa. In 1903 Swaziland became a British protectorate, and in 1906 administration was transferred to a British High Commissioner, who took responsibility for Basutoland, Bechuanaland and Swaziland. In 1907 the Partitions Proclamation ceded vast tracts of land to European settlers this was to prove a challenge for Sobhuzas reign. Paramount Chief of the SwaziSobhuza II was installed to the throne, as paramount chief of the Swazi (the British did not consider him a king at that time) on 22 December 1921. He immediately petitioned to have the Partitions Proclamation overturned. He traveled for this reason to London in 1922, but was unsuccessful in his attempt. It was not until the outbreak of World War II that he achieved a breakthrough obtaining a promise that Britain would buy back the land from settlers and restore it to the Swazi in exchange for Swazi support in the war. Towards the end of the war, Sobhuza II was declared the native authority within Swaziland, giving him an unprecedented level of power in a British colony. He was still under the aegis of the British High Commissioner though. After the war, a decision had to be made about the three High Commission Territories in southern Africa. Since the Union of South Africa, in 1910, there had been a plan to incorporate the three regions into the Union. But the SA government had become increasingly polarized and power was held by a minority white government. When the National Party took power in 1948, campaigning on an ideology of Apartheid, the British government realized that they could not hand over the High Commission territories to South Africa. The 1960s saw the beginnings of independence in Africa, and in Swaziland several new associations and parties formed, eager to have their say about the nations path to freedom from British rule. Two commissions were held in London with representatives of the European Advisory Council (EAC), a body which represented the rights of white settlers in Swaziland to the British High Commissioner, the Swazi National Council (SNC) which advised Sobhuza II on traditional tribal matters, the Swaziland Progressive Party (SPP) which represented the educated elite who felt alienated by traditional tribal rule, and the Ngwane National Liberatory Congress (NNLC) who wanted a democracy with a constitutional monarch. Constitutional MonarchIn 1964, feeling that he, and his extended, ruling Dlamini family, were not getting enough attention (they wanted to maintain their hold over traditional government in Swaziland after independence), Sobhuza II oversaw the creation of the royalist Imbokodvo National Movement (INM). The INM was successful in pre-independence elections, winning all 24 seats in the legislature (with the backing of the white settler United Swaziland Association). In 1967, in the final run up to independence, Sobhuza II was recognized by the British as a constitutional monarch. When independence was finally achieved on 6 September 1968, Sobhuza II was king and Prince Makhosini Dlamini was the countrys first Prime Minister. The transition to independence was smooth, with Sobhuza II announcing that since they were late coming to their sovereignty, they had the opportunity to observe the problems encountered elsewhere in Africa. From the beginning Sobhuza II meddled in the governance of the country, insisting oversight on all aspects of the legislature and judiciary. He promulgated government with a Swazi flavour, insisting that parliament was a consultative body of elders. It helped that his royalist party, the INM, controlled government. He was also slowly equipping a private army. Absolute MonarchIn April 1973 Sobhuza II abrogated the constitution and disbanded parliament, becoming an absolute monarch of the kingdom and ruling through a national council which he appointed. Democracy, he claimed, was un-Swazi. In 1977 Sobhuza II set up a traditional tribal advisory panel the Supreme Council of State, or Liqoqo. The Liqoqo was made up from members of the extended royal family, the Dlamini, who were previously members of the Swaziland National Council. He also set up a new tribal community system, the tiNkhulda, which provided elected representatives to a House of Assembly. Man of the PeopleThe Swazi people accepted Sobhuza II with great affection, he regularly appeared in traditional Swazi leopard-skin loincloth and feathers, oversaw traditional festivities and rituals, and practiced traditional medicine. Sobhuza II maintained a tight control on Swaziland politics by marrying into notable Swazi families. He was a strong proponent of polygamy. Records are unclear, but it is believed that he took more than 70 wives and had somewhere between 67 and 210 children. (It is estimated that at his death, Sobhuza II had around 1000 grandchildren). His own clan, the Dlamini, accounts for almost one quarter of the population of Swaziland. Throughout his reign he worked to reclaim lands granted to white settlers by his predecessors. This included an attempt in 1982 to claim the South African Bantustan of KaNgwane. (KaNgwane was the semi-independent homeland which had been created in 1981 for the Swazi population living in South Africa.) KaNgwane would have given Swaziland its own, much needed, access to the sea. International RelationsSobhuza II maintained good relations with his neighbors, especially Mozambique, through which it was able to access the sea and trade routes. But it was a careful balancing act with Marxist Mozambique on one side and Apartheid South Africa on the other. It was revealed after his death that Sobhuza II had signed secret security agreements with the Apartheid government in South Africa, giving them the opportunity to pursue the ANC camped in Swaziland. Under Sobhuza IIs leadership, Swaziland developed its natural resources, creating the largest man-made commercial forest in Africa, and expanding iron and asbestos mining to become a leading exporter in the 70s. Death of a KingPrior to his death, Sobhuza II appointed Prince Sozisa Dlamini to act as chief advisor to the regent, the Queen Mother Dzeliwe Shongwe. The regent wasa to act on behalf of the 14 year old heir, Prince Makhosetive. After Sobhuza IIs death on 21 August 1982, a power struggle erupted between Dzeliwe Shongwe and Sozisa Dlamini. Dzeliwe was ousted from the position, and after acting as regent for a month and a half, Sozisa appointed Prince Makhosetives mother, Queen Ntombi Thwala to be the new regent. Prince Makhosetive was crowned king, as Mswati III, on 25 April 1986.

All About Gargoyles and How to Use Them

All About Gargoyles and How to Use Them A gargoyle is a waterspout, usually carved to resemble an odd or monstrous creature, that protrudes from a structures wall or roofline. By definition, a real gargoyle has a function- to throw rainwater away from a building. The word gargoyle is from the Greek gargarizein meaning to wash the throat. The word gargle comes from the same Greek derivation- so think of yourself as a gargoyle when you swish your mouth, gurgling and gargling with your mouthwash. In fact, the word spelled as gurgoyle was commonly used in the 19th century, most notably by British author Thomas Hardy in Chapter 46 of Far From the Madding Crowd (1874). The function of a gargoyle is to spit out excess water, but why it looks the way it does is another story. Legend has it that a dragon-like creature named La Gargouille terrorized the people of Rouen, France. In the seventh century A.D., a local cleric named Romanus used Christian symbolism to neutralize La Gargouilles threat to the townspeople- its said that Romanus destroyed the beast with the sign of the cross. Many early Christians were led to their religion by the fear of the gargoyle, a symbol of Satan. The Christian church became a protective haven for the mostly illiterate people. Romanus knew the legends that the townspeople of Rouen did not know. The oldest gargoyles have been found in present-day Egypt from the Fifth Dynasty, c. 2400 B.C. The functional and practical waterspout has also been found in ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Gargoyles in the shape of dragons are found in Chinas Forbidden City and imperial tombs from the Ming Dynasty. Medieval and Modern Gargoyles Waterspouts became more ornate toward the end of the Romanesque architectural period. The Middle Ages was a time of Christian pilgrimage, often with the pillaging of sacred relics. Sometimes cathedrals were specially built to house and protect sacred bones, such as those of Saint-Lazare dAutun in France. Protective animal gargoyles, in the shape of pigs and dogs, are not only waterspouts but act as symbolic protection at the 12th century Cathà ©drale Saint-Lazare dAutun. The mythical Greek chimera became a popular figure stonemasons used as gargoyles. The sculpting of the functional gargoyle became especially popular in the Gothic building boom across Europe, so gargoyles have come to be associated with this architectural era. French architect Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879) extended this association to Gothic-Revival as he creatively restored the Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral with many of the famous gargoyles and grotesques seen today. Gargoyles can also be found on American Gothic Revival buildings such as the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C. In the 20th century, Art Deco style gargoyles can be seen atop the 1930 Chrysler Building, a well-known skyscraper in New York City. These more modern gargoyles are made of metal and look like heads of American eagles- protrusions that have been called hood ornaments by some enthusiasts. By the 20th century, gargoyle functionality as waterspouts had evaporated even if the tradition lived on. Disney Gargoyles Cartoon Between 1994 and 1997, Walt Disney Television Animation produced a well-received cartoon called Gargoyles. The main character, Goliath, says things like It is the gargoyle way, but dont let him fool you. Real gargoyles dont come alive after dark. In 2004, ten years after the first episode aired, DVDs of the animations were released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment. To a certain generation, this series is a remembrance of things past. Grotesques As the functional waterspout aspect of gargoyles diminished, the creatively monstrous sculpting grew. What is called a gargoyle may also be called a grotesquery, meaning that it is grotesque. These grotesque sculptures can suggest monkeys, devils, dragons, lions, griffins, humans, or any other creature. Language purists may reserve the word gargoyle only for the objects that serve the practical purpose of directing rainwater from the roof. Care and Maintenance of Gargoyles and Grotesques Because gargoyles are by definition on the exterior of buildings, they are subject to natural elements- especially water. As slender, sculpted protrusions, their deterioration is imminent. Most of the gargoyles we see today are reproductions. In fact, in 2012 the Duomo in Milan, Italy created an Adopt a Gargoyle campaign to help pay for upkeep and restoration- which makes a lovely gift for the person who has everything. Source: Gargoyle entry by Lisa A. Reilly, The Dictionary of Art, Vol 12, Jane Turner, ed., Grove, 1996, pp. 149-150

The Kings Rhetorical Prowess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Kings Rhetorical Prowess - Essay Example In accordance with the issues discussed in the paper although both Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X were eager to fight for the rights and freedom of African Americans, it was only the former who believed that this dream could be achieved through nonviolent means or by not troubling, disrupting, or angering the White people. Apparently, both speeches were powerful and persuasive. However, King’s speech was more persuasive because of the manner he presented his arguments; his was more charismatic than the speech of Malcolm X. King was diplomatic, whereas Malcolm X was exceptionally radical. King called for unity between the Black and White people, whereas Malcolm X strongly advocated complete independence from White supremacy, and a land for African Americans. King’s diplomatic tone is more suitable to the political and social environment of the 1960’s, which is a period marred by bitter racial conflicts. The 1960’s is the ultimate spin-off of the clas h between the Emancipation Proclamation and Jim Crow laws. However, despite the oppression and maltreatment experienced by the Black people in America, they chose to continue their struggle for freedom and dignity in a peaceful, compromising way. They detested bloodshed. In the tumultuous period of the 1960’s, civil rights advocates chose to exercise nonviolent means, such as lobbying, civil disobedience, rallies, and so on, to bring about their desired reforms. Opportunely, the federal government responded to these pressures by ratifying several major reforms such as the 1968 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. This event alone attested to the fact that the fight for the freedom and rights of the Black people can be won through diplomacy; no bloodshed, no revolution, is needed. The strength of King’s speech rests in his stylistic techniques and rhetorical devices. In his speech, he effectively used metaphors, personifications, and euphemism. He used metap hors to highlight the African Americans’ historical plight and struggles, and the possibility of uniting two very different races. Some of the stirring metaphors he used were as follows: â€Å"This is not time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism† (King para 8); â€Å"Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice† (King para 10); â€Å"With this faith we [Black and White people] will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood†

Social media in recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social media in recruitment - Essay Example For organizations, social media recruitment involves the application of social media tools such as Twitter and Facebook to hire new staff. For job seekers, social media recruitment also involves the use of social media tools, but to find employment (Hegebarth, 2012:34). Overall, social media means harnessing the power of social media to identify and exploit opportunities in the employment industry. Unlike traditional methods of recruitment, social media introduces a new dynamic that involves virtual interaction. With social media, employers and prospective employees do not have to meet physically until the signing of contracts. This is a marked change when compared to traditional techniques in which physical contact was compulsory (Paik & Navarre-Jackson, 2011:479). Ernst & Young is an example of a company that is using social media to facilitate recruitment. The company has built an employer brand on social networks and successfully positioned itself as the premier place to work. It also uses social media like Skype to conduct interviews for job seekers. Finally, the firm uses its social media presence to update job seekers on latest trends in job searching. Job seekers are probably the biggest beneficiaries of social media. Over the years, they have learnt to exploit the power of social media in their quest to find the right employer (Brown & Swain, 2009:45). Currently, job seekers submit CVs online and interact with companies that have a social media presence. Job seekers take time to monitor pages and handles of companies with a social media presence to get updates on job recruitment, new opportunities, and industry status. It is now common for job seekers to hear about vacancies on social media and then apply, get interviewed (on social media) and start working. Another often underrated use of social media among job seekers is in learning how to conduct themselves in interviews. Of course there are other sources of this information in

Dominant Theological Issue at Stake in the Resolution of the Nicene Essay

Dominant Theological Issue at Stake in the Resolution of the Nicene Creed - Essay Example ext that they formed. In order to truly be able to understand the Nicene Creed, as well as the matters that are significant in relation to it, such as the fact of what was the dominant theological issue at stake and who was represented in regards to the Nicene Creed, then you need to first understand the history of the Nicene Creed itself, where it came from, why it was brought about, and the importance that it plays in the world today. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Basically the Nicene Creed goes as follows: "And in one Jesus Christ, the only-begotten son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds, God of God, Light of Light, Very God of Very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father by whom all things were made; who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from Heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the Virgin Mary, and was made man, and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate. He suffered and was buried, and the third day he rose again according to the Scriptures, and ascended into Heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father. And he shall come again with glory to judge both the quick and the dead, whose kingdom shall have no end. And we believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and Giver of Life, who proceedeth from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified, who spoke by the prophets. And we believe one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the remissions of sins. And we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen." (Creeds, 1997). The Nicene Creed was written by the early Church and adopted in a slightly different version by the Church Council at Nicaea in AD 325 and appears in its present form by the Council at Chalcedon in AD 451. It is has remained in use since that time, and it is truly an essential part of the doctrine and liturgy of the Lutheran Church. As well, the Lutheran Church gives the option of the Apostles' Creed or the Nicene Creed, suggesting the Nicene Creed as the more festive or solemn of the two. It is incredibly important to recognize the fact that the New Testament and the Nicene Creed are deeply entangled with each other, and the wording and the actual concepts in the Nicene Creed, for example, actually come from the New Testament, and in fact, one of the most important debates at the Council of Nicea concerned the matter of whether or not it is proper to include a word in the Nicene Creed that does not occur in the New Testament. "On the other hand, at the time that the Church issued the official canon of the New Testament, it customarily compared writings to the Nicene Creed to determine if they were orthodox. So you are correct if you say that the Nicene Creed proceeds from the New Testament, and you are correct if you say that the New Testament is certified by the Nicene Creed." (Collins, 2006). The interrelation between the Nicene Creed and the Trinity is one of great importance, and it is a matter of which discussion is essential in order to be able to get a better grasp on the matter of the Nicene Creed in general; basically, the Nicene Council truly did not invent the Trinity in the

Destin Brass Products Co. Essay Example for Free

Destin Brass Products Co. Essay The estimated costs calculated using the activity-based costing method is very different from the existing standard unit costs and the revised unit costs. Exhibit 3 uses the traditional cost allocation system, which allocates all costs based on measures of volume. In the standard unit costs, Destin Brass uses direct labor as the only cost driver, which rarely meets the cause-effect standard wanted in cost allocation. Exhibit 4 is similar to exhibit 3, but instead, 4 uses materials and machine hours as the cost driver instead of just direct labor. The new costs are calculated by using the ABC system, which allocates costs that are caused by non-volume-based cost drivers. After recognizing the overhead activities, costs of overhead resources used for the activities are allocated to the activities using cost drivers. Then pooled costs of each activity are allocated to products, using the cost drivers. It takes one large overhead cost pool and breaks it down into several pools, which for this company are: receiving and materials handling, machine usage and maintenance, packing and shipping, and engineering. These have a cause-effect relationship with activities and resources that are used. So unlike exhibit 3 and 4, the new system breaks down the overhead costs a lot more. The new estimated costs are more accurate because the amount allocated to each of the overhead activities for each product is more detailed. It shows the percentage of how much each activity is performed on each product. All 3 products unit costs in the new system are different from exhibit 3 and 4. Unit price for valves has a slight change compare to the standard unit price, but for pumps and flow controllers, there is a dramatic change. Destin Brass are well under their 35% gross margin goal for pumps, and wondering how other companies can sell their pumps for such a low price. They thought the unit costs for pumps is $63.12, when in fact, the more accurate system shows that its only $48.81, $14.31 less than the standard unit cost. This inaccuracy is the reason why Destin Brass is having trouble staying competitive with their price on pumps while other companies are able to sell it for a lower price. The flow controllers have never been a problem for Destin Brass. It seemed to them that they had no competition in that market. Even after raising the prices by 12.5%, demand did not decrease. This is because the more accurate unit cost for flow controllers is actually $100.48, and not $56.50, $43.98 more than what they thought. They have been selling their flow controller at $97.07 each, which is below the unit cost, and that is why no other companies are able to compete in that market. I think Destin Brass should definitely adjust their selling price for all 3 products. For valves, $58.16 should be their new target-selling price if they want to keep the 35% GM goal, but I think they should make the actual selling price to be a little lower than that. That way they can stay/be more competitive in the valves market while having a GM% that is slightly lower, but still close to the goal. Selling price for pumps will have to be lowered for them to become competitive in the pumps market, unlike before. $75.09 would be the price they want to sell it at if they want the 35% GM, but the selling could still be slightly lower then that, allowing them to be competitive while still very close to their goal. Flow controller prices will have to be higher if they want to make a profit from this product. Right now they are making a loss of 4% for each flow controller they sell. If they want to reach the 35% GM mark, they will have to up their cost from $97.07 to $154.58. Just like pumps and valves, price could be a little lower than that, and of course for the same reasons. Yes, this means they will go from having no competition to many competitions in the flow controller market now, but at least they wont be making a loss every time they sell a flow controller. In the following month, assuming quantities produced and sold, activities, and costs were all at standard, the profit reported under the new system would be $540,260.00, and under the present system would be $539,180.00. There is only a difference of $1,080. Destin Brass will not see any major difference in profit in the short run; in this case its over a period of one month. But in the long run, they will definitely see major changes in their profits.

The Symbolic Use of Hunger in Literature :: essays research papers

The symbolic use of hunger in literature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout history, both men and women have struggled trying to achieve unattainable goals in the face of close-minded societies. Authors have often used this theme to develop stories of characters that face obstacles and are sometimes unable to overcome the stigma that is attached to them. This inability to rise above prejudice is many times illustrated with the metaphor of hunger. Not only do people suffer from physical hunger, but they also suffer from spiritual hunger: a need to be full of life. When this spiritual hunger is not satisfied, it can destroy a life, just as physical hunger can kill as well. Characters such as Edna Pontellier of Kate Chopin's The Awakening, Hugh Wolfe of Rebecca Harding Davis' Life in the Iron Mills, Jane Eyre of Charlotte Bronte's novel, and the woman being force fed in Djuna Barnes' How It Feels to Be Forcibly Fed all suffer from an insatiable hunger, which, in most cases, ultimately is not fulfilled. Poets such as Anna Wickham also describe the plight of humanity using hunger as a means to illustrate the feeling of deprivation. Although all of these characters come from different walks of life, they share a common struggle. Edna belongs to upper class Creole society, Hugh Wolfe is a poverty-stricken immigrant laborer, and Jane Eyre, an orphan. These characters lived during the middle to the end of the nineteenth century, in completely distinct worlds, yet all had their creativity stifled by society. Similarly, Djuna Barnes poem of the British woman who goes on a hunger strike in an attempt to get the vote and Anna Wickham's poem The Affinity describin g the angst of a deprived wife, both depict women who lived during the early twentieth century and, although different, were both suppressed in some way. Edna Pontellier was a woman who was forced to comply with the rules of Creole society, but, in being reluctant to do so, found herself in a world where she felt trapped. She saw how women were supposed to behave but did not have that behavior instilled in herself. She felt confined by her husband's expectations, and did not want to live out the typical role of wife and mother. When Robert came into her life, she began to feel that she was being 'awakened.'; She was beginning to experience life in a new light and the hunger for change began to emerge.

Analysis “Hanging Fire” & “Barbie Doll”

Thesis Statement & Introduction An analysis of the literary elements imagery, symbolism, and tone/mood in â€Å"Barbie Doll†, by Marge Piercy and, â€Å"Hanging Fire† by Audre Lorde reveals each character and their struggle with their identity in society. Summary of â€Å"Barbie Doll† In the poem â€Å"Barbie Doll† by Marge Piercy, we read about a young girl who has self image problems. Due to the expectations of society, she is not happy with her physical appearance. She had many good qualities but is unable to see these for herself. Instead she only sees is a â€Å"a great big nose and fat legs†(Piercy,1936). In order to conform to society’s idea of beauty, the young girl was â€Å"advised to play coy, exhorted to come on hearty, exercise, diet, smile and wheedle. †(Piercy, 1936) The pressures became too much for her to handle. She could no longer live this way so she â€Å"cut off her nose and her legs/and offered them up. †(Piercy, 1936) The author states that finally, the girl has achieved acceptance, but not on the qualities of her character or her being; rather, through the unwilling compromise to culture. Summary of â€Å"Hanging Fire† The poem â€Å"Hanging Fire†, by Audre Lorde is about the hardships of a teenager who is possibly growing up during the tense civil rights movement era, and is afraid for her life. She is scared about growing up and has many insecurities. There are many things she wants to do such as, learn to dance & be on the math team. The young girl has self confidence problems due to her appearance. For example she states, â€Å"my skin has betrayed me,† ( Lorde, 1978) meaning there are many things she feels she cannot do because her skin is not white. She also asks, â€Å"how come my knees are always so ashy? (Lorde, 1978) She continues to refer to her mother throughout the poem as being in the bedroom with the door closed. Without her mothers’ guidance, she is struggling in society because she has no guidance. Lorde argues that anyone enduring these forces would feel the loneliness and loss of identity that the young girl had felt. Literary Element-Imagery in â€Å"Barbi e Doll† Imagery is used in â€Å"Barbie Doll† in several areas of the poem. Piercy uses lots of imagery to describe the struggles the girl experiences during her teenage years and the effects that can happen. In the first stanza, we see the beginning of an ideal image being stained in the girls mind. She was â€Å"presented dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE ovens and irons and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy†. (Piercy, 1936) By being presented these gifts the girls parents have already instilled a visualization of what the perfect woman is like and the girl is already learning her place in society. Their place was in the kitchen and taking care of the kids. Piercy has painted an image to the reader of a little girl playing with toy stoves and irons and wearing red lipstick to make herself pretty. Piercy writes, â€Å"In the casket displayed on satin she lay with the undertaker's cosmetics painted on, a turned-up putty nose, dressed in a pink and white nightie. †(Piercy, 1936) The next line reads, â€Å"Doesn’t she look pretty? † (Piercy, 1936) The derisive imagery criticizes gender discrimination of the modern society. The character has struggled to feel pretty until the pressure of society has became too much for her and in response to this has cut off her nose & legs. Literary Element- Imagery in â€Å"Hanging Fire† The imagery of the mother plays a big part in the poem â€Å"Hanging Fire† by Audre Lorde. This line is repeated all throughout the poem, â€Å"and momma's in the bedroom with the door closed. † (Lorde, 1978) I think it is representative of the fact that this speaker has to grow up alone without the guidance of her mother. Another way to look at the imagery of the locked up mother is that her mother just wasn't there in the first place. Her mother could have been an absent figure in her life and that is a scary thing (to grow up without the guidance of a motherly figure). Audre Lorde was a African American lady who went back and forth with her sexuality during times of struggles with civil rights. â€Å"Hanging Fire† may have been her way of expressing the guidance of her mother could have helped her through her confusion with her sexuality. I think this really impacted her, so she reminds herself and the reader of it at the end of every stanza. Compare/Contrast Authors Use of Literary Element Imagery Imagery is used to depict identity issues in â€Å"Barbie Doll† by Marge Piercy and in â€Å"Hanging Fire† by Audre Lorde. In both â€Å"Barbie Doll† and â€Å"Hanging Fire,† a young girl struggles with their appearance. In â€Å"Barbie Doll† the author Marge Piercy uses imagery to portray a young girl who is unhappy with the way she looks. For instance, in the following lines â€Å"She was healthy, tested intelligent, possessed strong arms and back, abundant sexual drive and manual dexterity. She went to and fro apologizing. Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs,† (Piercy, 1936) although she possessed several good qualities, the only thing that stood out to her was her nose and legs. In â€Å"Hanging fire,† the author Audre Lorde uses imagery to show a young woman struggling with her identity as well, not only with the physical part of her identity but the emotional side as well. After repeated use of the line, â€Å"and momma's in the bedroom with the door closed,† (Lorde, 1978) it is apparent the young girl struggles without the guidance of her mother. Literary Element- Symbolism in â€Å"Barbie Doll† The title â€Å"Barbie Doll† itself symbolizes a thin, curvy body, with symmetrical, perfect facial features. The beginning of the poem starts out with, â€Å"This girlchild was born as usual and presented dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE stoves and irons and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy. † (Piercy, 1936) This line symbolizes society’s expectations for a girls role in life. For example, introducing the mothering instinct, as well as cooking and cleaning while encouraging her to look pretty while doing all of that. The poem makes a reference to a fan belt, similar to a person’s â€Å"good nature,† will wear out from being over used and abused. With line twenty’s mention of an â€Å"undertaker’s cosmetics painted on,† (Piercy, 1936) the author paints an image of disguise–suppressing hurt and anguish suffered when a girl was forced to absorb into a materialistic society that functions only according to the standards set by its members. In the beginning of the last stanza of â€Å"Barbie Doll,† the reader can achieve almost a sense of relinquishment as the subject symbolically â€Å"cut off her nose and her legs and offered them up. † (Piercy, 1936) The reader is led to believe hat the girl has come to realize that she must account for the loneliness and emptiness that she has felt as a result of imitating a false person. In line 21, the putty nose symbolizes the â€Å"perfect nose† for a girl, even though it is very unrealistic. The pink and white clothes that the girl is wearing, symbolize colors that represent purity and femininity. The conclusion is her death, an act of her surrendering herself to the pain. Literary Element- Symbolism in â€Å"Hanging Fire† The title â€Å"Hanging Fire† symbolizes wanting to do something or, waiting on something to happen that you are expecting. In this poem, the girl is ready to mature although her body has not done so yet. She has insecurities about her skin color and appearance. Audre Lorde grew up during the civil rights era and much of her poetry represents these types of feelings. In the line, â€Å"My skin has betrayed me† (Lorde, 1978), is symbolism for change. Not only what she is going through at that particular time, but how she is the black girl in the neighborhood, the outrage in this racist society. At this age, she is going through changes which affect every possible way of life. She is going through changes in her body which may be related to puberty. Her ashy knees symbolize all the â€Å"falls† she has taken, representative of all the scars of her life. At the end of every stanza, Lorde writes â€Å"and momma’s in the bedroom with the door closed. †(Lorde, 1978) This symbolizes the absence of her mother in her life. Without her mothers guidance the girl feels as though she must face the struggles of life alone. Compare/Contrast of Symbolism Symbolism in â€Å"Barbie Doll† is used by the author to represent the lack of self confidence of a girl who does not have society’s idea of the perfect body. For example, â€Å"You have a great big nose and fat legs† (Piercy, 1936) gives a very good indication that the young girl is not part of the norm as far as beauty goes. â€Å"Piercy uses symbolism to convey the false views society has toward women, while in â€Å"Hanging Fire,† symbolism is used to portray a young girl who is impatiently waiting to see changes within her body. Lorde uses symbolism to show insecurities the young girl in â€Å"Hanging Fire† has with her body. For instance, in the line â€Å"and my skin has betrayed me† (Lorde, 1978) Lorde uses symbolism to show the change that her body is going through. In both poems the characters are struggling with their appearance as well as other things. In difference, â€Å"Hanging Fire† was written in the civil rights era, leading me to believe Lorde used symbolism to show an African American girl struggling with race issues. While in Piercys’ â€Å"Barbie Doll,† symbolism is used to portray aspects of gender discrimination. Literary Element Tone in â€Å"Barbie Doll† The first four lines of â€Å"Barbie Doll† are written in simplistic tones which represent the normality and basic needs of infancy. The ironic tone of the poem criticizes gender discrimination of the modern society. In the beginning of the poem, the tone is silent and simplistic at first, describing the norm for a child and what is expected from society, â€Å"This girlchild was born as usual and presented dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE stoves and irons and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy† (Piercy, 1936) The tone of the introductory stanza changes quickly in line five when the author writes â€Å"Then, in the magic of puberty, a classmate said You have a great big nose and fat legs. † (Piercy, 1936) The last line of the second stanza again changes in tone from simple to straight-forward with the statement â€Å"Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs. (Piercy, 1936) This line re-emphasizes the offensiveness of not measuring up to the standard of an ideal female, a standard set by society. Tone is used to show the severity of the pressures that society can produce. Literary Element Tone in â€Å"Hanging Fire† Audre Lorde[-;0] used her diction to indicate the s erious tone in â€Å"Hanging Fire. † Lorde used a serious tone to enforce that this poem was to be taken sincerely. â€Å"My skin has betrayed me† (Lorde, 1978) indicates not only that the skin appears displeasing, but that it is displeasing. This also reveals that the tone is confident. The use of â€Å"and† instead of â€Å"if† gives the speaker a sad tone. The teenager in the poem worries excessively about everything, which is not abnormal from what most teenagers do. There is a sense of worry throughout the whole poem. She is stressed and the tone really represents that. The diction sets this tone because the speaker makes generalizations such as, â€Å"nobody even stops to think about my side of it,† (Lorde, 1978) and how her skin has â€Å"betrayed,† her. She is very overdramatic which is characteristic of a teenager. The author also shows a sense of urgency such as in the lines â€Å"I have to learn how to dance in time for the next party. † (Lorde, 1978) There are things the girl wants to accomplish and coveys that she feels a sense of urgency to do so. The serious and stressed tone of the poem conveys to the reader how serious the effects of the civil rights era were on many people and in particular young people. Compare/Contrast of Literary Element Tone The tone in â€Å"Barbie Doll† evolves and changes throughout the poem from a simplistic tone to a negative tone. While in â€Å"Hanging Fire,† the tone stays on serious side indicating signs of stress and worry. In both poems the tone indicates stress, in â€Å"Barbie Doll,† it is due to the fact that others have pointed out the flaws they believe the girl has based on societies standards. While in â€Å"Hanging Fire† the tone indicates the girl never had confidence in the first place. Her mother was not there to encourage or support her which led to stress and worry over her cosmetic issues such as her ashy knees. The beginning of â€Å"Barbie Doll† starts out with a simplistic tone then changes to tone portraying low self esteem and cruelty. In particular in the line â€Å"You have a great big nose and fat legs† (Piercy, 1936) indicates cruelty the young girl endures. The girl is described as smart and strong yet is still viewed negatively by others because of her nose and legs. The author uses tone to showcase that society as a whole is too obsessed with physical appearance and not focused on the qualities that really matter. In â€Å"Hanging Fire,† Lorde used a serious tone to enforce that this poem was to be taken sincerely. Tone is used to stress that the girl has many worries and that she needs to express them. Audre Lorde[->1] used very little punctuation in this poem to emphasize the variation of the worries of teenagers. The use of â€Å"how come,† and â€Å"why do,† in the poem suggests frustration about her current situation as an African American girl struggling to find her way in life without the guidance of her mother. Author’s Engagement with Culture and Society Marge Piercy’s â€Å"Barbie Doll† â€Å"Barbie Doll† is a poem that follows the life of a young girl growing up with modern expectations that she struggles to conform to. The young girl begins to suffer and she develops anxiety and depression. She loses her self confidence and becomes inferior and weak. â€Å"Barbie Doll† uses different aspects of a woman’s life to express the different pressures on women today. Marge Piercy grew up in a family greatly affected by the Great Depression. Due to the environment Piercy was raised in during the Great Depression, many of her works tend to be highly personal and often address concerns with feminist and social issues. Piercy’s poetry is known for its highly personal, often angry, and very emotional character. Author’s Engagement with Culture and Society Audre Lorde â€Å"Hanging Fire† â€Å"Hanging Fire† reveals a young girl who is troubled by the changes her body is going through as well as self confidence issues. Her lack of guidance is continuously mentioned throughout the poem. Lorde expresses or explores racial and sexual oppression, urban neglect, and personal survival in many of her other writings as well as in â€Å"Hanging Fire. † Lorde grew up during the civil rights era where she experienced first hand racism and prejudice. She addressed subjects concerning the complexity surrounding her life as an African American and as a woman. Fixed in her resentment of the racism and sexism that marked the history of the United States, Lorde dedicated her work to her ancestors, to the love and support of women, and to African Americans. In conclusion, my analysis of the literary elements imagery, symbolism, and tone/mood in â€Å"Barbie Doll†, by Marge Piercy and, â€Å"Hanging Fire† by Audre Lorde reveals each character and their struggle with their identity in society. References http://www. americanpoems. com/poets/Marge-Piercy http://www. margepiercy. com/Piercy%20Website/sampling/Barbie_Doll. htm Poem http://www. poetryfoundation. org/bio/audre-lorde http://famouspoetsandpoems. com/poets/audre_lorde/poems/19831 Poem [->0] – .. /essay_search/Audre_Lorde. html [->1] – .. /essay_search/Audre_Lorde. html